import contextlib import io import os import sys import tempfile try: import fcntl except ImportError: fcntl = None # `fspath` was added in Python 3.6 try: from os import fspath except ImportError: fspath = None __version__ = '1.4.0' PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2 text_type = unicode if PY2 else str # noqa def _path_to_unicode(x): if not isinstance(x, text_type): return x.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding()) return x DEFAULT_MODE = "wb" if PY2 else "w" _proper_fsync = os.fsync if sys.platform != 'win32': if hasattr(fcntl, 'F_FULLFSYNC'): def _proper_fsync(fd): # https://lists.apple.com/archives/darwin-dev/2005/Feb/msg00072.html # https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man2/fsync.2.html # https://github.com/untitaker/python-atomicwrites/issues/6 fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_FULLFSYNC) def _sync_directory(directory): # Ensure that filenames are written to disk fd = os.open(directory, 0) try: _proper_fsync(fd) finally: os.close(fd) def _replace_atomic(src, dst): os.rename(src, dst) _sync_directory(os.path.normpath(os.path.dirname(dst))) def _move_atomic(src, dst): os.link(src, dst) os.unlink(src) src_dir = os.path.normpath(os.path.dirname(src)) dst_dir = os.path.normpath(os.path.dirname(dst)) _sync_directory(dst_dir) if src_dir != dst_dir: _sync_directory(src_dir) else: from ctypes import windll, WinError _MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING = 0x1 _MOVEFILE_WRITE_THROUGH = 0x8 _windows_default_flags = _MOVEFILE_WRITE_THROUGH def _handle_errors(rv): if not rv: raise WinError() def _replace_atomic(src, dst): _handle_errors(windll.kernel32.MoveFileExW( _path_to_unicode(src), _path_to_unicode(dst), _windows_default_flags | _MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING )) def _move_atomic(src, dst): _handle_errors(windll.kernel32.MoveFileExW( _path_to_unicode(src), _path_to_unicode(dst), _windows_default_flags )) def replace_atomic(src, dst): ''' Move ``src`` to ``dst``. If ``dst`` exists, it will be silently overwritten. Both paths must reside on the same filesystem for the operation to be atomic. ''' return _replace_atomic(src, dst) def move_atomic(src, dst): ''' Move ``src`` to ``dst``. There might a timewindow where both filesystem entries exist. If ``dst`` already exists, :py:exc:`FileExistsError` will be raised. Both paths must reside on the same filesystem for the operation to be atomic. ''' return _move_atomic(src, dst) class AtomicWriter(object): ''' A helper class for performing atomic writes. Usage:: with AtomicWriter(path).open() as f: f.write(...) :param path: The destination filepath. May or may not exist. :param mode: The filemode for the temporary file. This defaults to `wb` in Python 2 and `w` in Python 3. :param overwrite: If set to false, an error is raised if ``path`` exists. Errors are only raised after the file has been written to. Either way, the operation is atomic. If you need further control over the exact behavior, you are encouraged to subclass. ''' def __init__(self, path, mode=DEFAULT_MODE, overwrite=False, **open_kwargs): if 'a' in mode: raise ValueError( 'Appending to an existing file is not supported, because that ' 'would involve an expensive `copy`-operation to a temporary ' 'file. Open the file in normal `w`-mode and copy explicitly ' 'if that\'s what you\'re after.' ) if 'x' in mode: raise ValueError('Use the `overwrite`-parameter instead.') if 'w' not in mode: raise ValueError('AtomicWriters can only be written to.') # Attempt to convert `path` to `str` or `bytes` if fspath is not None: path = fspath(path) self._path = path self._mode = mode self._overwrite = overwrite self._open_kwargs = open_kwargs def open(self): ''' Open the temporary file. ''' return self._open(self.get_fileobject) @contextlib.contextmanager def _open(self, get_fileobject): f = None # make sure f exists even if get_fileobject() fails try: success = False with get_fileobject(**self._open_kwargs) as f: yield f self.sync(f) self.commit(f) success = True finally: if not success: try: self.rollback(f) except Exception: pass def get_fileobject(self, suffix="", prefix=tempfile.gettempprefix(), dir=None, **kwargs): '''Return the temporary file to use.''' if dir is None: dir = os.path.normpath(os.path.dirname(self._path)) descriptor, name = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix=suffix, prefix=prefix, dir=dir) # io.open() will take either the descriptor or the name, but we need # the name later for commit()/replace_atomic() and couldn't find a way # to get the filename from the descriptor. os.close(descriptor) kwargs['mode'] = self._mode kwargs['file'] = name return io.open(**kwargs) def sync(self, f): '''responsible for clearing as many file caches as possible before commit''' f.flush() _proper_fsync(f.fileno()) def commit(self, f): '''Move the temporary file to the target location.''' if self._overwrite: replace_atomic(f.name, self._path) else: move_atomic(f.name, self._path) def rollback(self, f): '''Clean up all temporary resources.''' os.unlink(f.name) def atomic_write(path, writer_cls=AtomicWriter, **cls_kwargs): ''' Simple atomic writes. This wraps :py:class:`AtomicWriter`:: with atomic_write(path) as f: f.write(...) :param path: The target path to write to. :param writer_cls: The writer class to use. This parameter is useful if you subclassed :py:class:`AtomicWriter` to change some behavior and want to use that new subclass. Additional keyword arguments are passed to the writer class. See :py:class:`AtomicWriter`. ''' return writer_cls(path, **cls_kwargs).open()