1150 lines
38 KiB
Python
1150 lines
38 KiB
Python
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# engine/reflection.py
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# Copyright (C) 2005-2021 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
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# <see AUTHORS file>
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#
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# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
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# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
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"""Provides an abstraction for obtaining database schema information.
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Usage Notes:
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Here are some general conventions when accessing the low level inspector
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methods such as get_table_names, get_columns, etc.
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1. Inspector methods return lists of dicts in most cases for the following
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reasons:
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* They're both standard types that can be serialized.
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* Using a dict instead of a tuple allows easy expansion of attributes.
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* Using a list for the outer structure maintains order and is easy to work
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with (e.g. list comprehension [d['name'] for d in cols]).
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2. Records that contain a name, such as the column name in a column record
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use the key 'name'. So for most return values, each record will have a
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'name' attribute..
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"""
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import contextlib
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from .base import Connectable
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from .base import Connection
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from .base import Engine
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from .. import exc
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from .. import inspection
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from .. import sql
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from .. import util
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from ..sql import operators
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from ..sql import schema as sa_schema
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from ..sql.type_api import TypeEngine
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from ..util import topological
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@util.decorator
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def cache(fn, self, con, *args, **kw):
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info_cache = kw.get("info_cache", None)
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if info_cache is None:
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return fn(self, con, *args, **kw)
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key = (
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fn.__name__,
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tuple(a for a in args if isinstance(a, util.string_types)),
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tuple((k, v) for k, v in kw.items() if k != "info_cache"),
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)
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ret = info_cache.get(key)
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if ret is None:
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ret = fn(self, con, *args, **kw)
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info_cache[key] = ret
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return ret
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@inspection._self_inspects
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class Inspector(object):
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"""Performs database schema inspection.
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The Inspector acts as a proxy to the reflection methods of the
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:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.Dialect`, providing a
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consistent interface as well as caching support for previously
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fetched metadata.
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A :class:`_reflection.Inspector` object is usually created via the
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:func:`_sa.inspect` function, which may be passed an
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:class:`_engine.Engine`
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or a :class:`_engine.Connection`::
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from sqlalchemy import inspect, create_engine
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engine = create_engine('...')
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insp = inspect(engine)
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Where above, the :class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.Dialect` associated
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with the engine may opt to return an :class:`_reflection.Inspector`
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subclass that
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provides additional methods specific to the dialect's target database.
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"""
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@util.deprecated(
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"1.4",
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"The __init__() method on :class:`_reflection.Inspector` "
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"is deprecated and "
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"will be removed in a future release. Please use the "
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":func:`.sqlalchemy.inspect` "
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"function on an :class:`_engine.Engine` or "
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":class:`_engine.Connection` "
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"in order to "
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"acquire an :class:`_reflection.Inspector`.",
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)
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def __init__(self, bind):
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"""Initialize a new :class:`_reflection.Inspector`.
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:param bind: a :class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.Connectable`,
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which is typically an instance of
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:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.Engine` or
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:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.Connection`.
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For a dialect-specific instance of :class:`_reflection.Inspector`, see
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:meth:`_reflection.Inspector.from_engine`
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"""
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return self._init_legacy(bind)
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@classmethod
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def _construct(cls, init, bind):
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if hasattr(bind.dialect, "inspector"):
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cls = bind.dialect.inspector
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self = cls.__new__(cls)
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init(self, bind)
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return self
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def _init_legacy(self, bind):
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if hasattr(bind, "exec_driver_sql"):
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self._init_connection(bind)
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else:
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self._init_engine(bind)
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def _init_engine(self, engine):
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self.bind = self.engine = engine
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engine.connect().close()
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self._op_context_requires_connect = True
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self.dialect = self.engine.dialect
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self.info_cache = {}
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def _init_connection(self, connection):
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self.bind = connection
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self.engine = connection.engine
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self._op_context_requires_connect = False
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self.dialect = self.engine.dialect
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self.info_cache = {}
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@classmethod
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@util.deprecated(
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"1.4",
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"The from_engine() method on :class:`_reflection.Inspector` "
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"is deprecated and "
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"will be removed in a future release. Please use the "
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":func:`.sqlalchemy.inspect` "
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"function on an :class:`_engine.Engine` or "
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":class:`_engine.Connection` "
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"in order to "
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"acquire an :class:`_reflection.Inspector`.",
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)
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def from_engine(cls, bind):
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"""Construct a new dialect-specific Inspector object from the given
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engine or connection.
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:param bind: a :class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.Connectable`,
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which is typically an instance of
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:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.Engine` or
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:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.Connection`.
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This method differs from direct a direct constructor call of
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:class:`_reflection.Inspector` in that the
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:class:`~sqlalchemy.engine.interfaces.Dialect` is given a chance to
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provide a dialect-specific :class:`_reflection.Inspector` instance,
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which may
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provide additional methods.
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See the example at :class:`_reflection.Inspector`.
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"""
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return cls._construct(cls._init_legacy, bind)
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@inspection._inspects(Connectable)
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def _connectable_insp(bind):
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# this method should not be used unless some unusual case
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# has subclassed "Connectable"
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return Inspector._construct(Inspector._init_legacy, bind)
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@inspection._inspects(Engine)
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def _engine_insp(bind):
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return Inspector._construct(Inspector._init_engine, bind)
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@inspection._inspects(Connection)
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def _connection_insp(bind):
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return Inspector._construct(Inspector._init_connection, bind)
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@contextlib.contextmanager
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def _operation_context(self):
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"""Return a context that optimizes for multiple operations on a single
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transaction.
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This essentially allows connect()/close() to be called if we detected
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that we're against an :class:`_engine.Engine` and not a
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:class:`_engine.Connection`.
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"""
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if self._op_context_requires_connect:
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conn = self.bind.connect()
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else:
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conn = self.bind
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try:
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yield conn
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finally:
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if self._op_context_requires_connect:
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conn.close()
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@contextlib.contextmanager
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def _inspection_context(self):
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"""Return an :class:`_reflection.Inspector`
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from this one that will run all
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operations on a single connection.
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"""
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with self._operation_context() as conn:
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sub_insp = self._construct(self.__class__._init_connection, conn)
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sub_insp.info_cache = self.info_cache
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yield sub_insp
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@property
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def default_schema_name(self):
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"""Return the default schema name presented by the dialect
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for the current engine's database user.
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E.g. this is typically ``public`` for PostgreSQL and ``dbo``
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for SQL Server.
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"""
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return self.dialect.default_schema_name
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def get_schema_names(self):
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"""Return all schema names."""
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if hasattr(self.dialect, "get_schema_names"):
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with self._operation_context() as conn:
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return self.dialect.get_schema_names(
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conn, info_cache=self.info_cache
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)
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return []
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def get_table_names(self, schema=None):
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"""Return all table names in referred to within a particular schema.
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The names are expected to be real tables only, not views.
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Views are instead returned using the
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:meth:`_reflection.Inspector.get_view_names`
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method.
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:param schema: Schema name. If ``schema`` is left at ``None``, the
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database's default schema is
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used, else the named schema is searched. If the database does not
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support named schemas, behavior is undefined if ``schema`` is not
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passed as ``None``. For special quoting, use :class:`.quoted_name`.
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.. seealso::
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:meth:`_reflection.Inspector.get_sorted_table_and_fkc_names`
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:attr:`_schema.MetaData.sorted_tables`
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"""
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with self._operation_context() as conn:
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return self.dialect.get_table_names(
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conn, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache
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)
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def has_table(self, table_name, schema=None):
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"""Return True if the backend has a table of the given name.
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:param table_name: name of the table to check
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:param schema: schema name to query, if not the default schema.
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.. versionadded:: 1.4 - the :meth:`.Inspector.has_table` method
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replaces the :meth:`_engine.Engine.has_table` method.
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"""
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# TODO: info_cache?
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with self._operation_context() as conn:
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return self.dialect.has_table(conn, table_name, schema)
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def has_sequence(self, sequence_name, schema=None):
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"""Return True if the backend has a table of the given name.
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:param sequence_name: name of the table to check
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:param schema: schema name to query, if not the default schema.
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.. versionadded:: 1.4
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"""
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# TODO: info_cache?
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with self._operation_context() as conn:
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return self.dialect.has_sequence(conn, sequence_name, schema)
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def get_sorted_table_and_fkc_names(self, schema=None):
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"""Return dependency-sorted table and foreign key constraint names in
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referred to within a particular schema.
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This will yield 2-tuples of
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``(tablename, [(tname, fkname), (tname, fkname), ...])``
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consisting of table names in CREATE order grouped with the foreign key
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constraint names that are not detected as belonging to a cycle.
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The final element
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will be ``(None, [(tname, fkname), (tname, fkname), ..])``
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which will consist of remaining
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foreign key constraint names that would require a separate CREATE
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step after-the-fact, based on dependencies between tables.
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.. versionadded:: 1.0.-
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.. seealso::
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:meth:`_reflection.Inspector.get_table_names`
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:func:`.sort_tables_and_constraints` - similar method which works
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with an already-given :class:`_schema.MetaData`.
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"""
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with self._operation_context() as conn:
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tnames = self.dialect.get_table_names(
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conn, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache
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)
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tuples = set()
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remaining_fkcs = set()
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fknames_for_table = {}
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for tname in tnames:
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fkeys = self.get_foreign_keys(tname, schema)
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fknames_for_table[tname] = set([fk["name"] for fk in fkeys])
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for fkey in fkeys:
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if tname != fkey["referred_table"]:
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tuples.add((fkey["referred_table"], tname))
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try:
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candidate_sort = list(topological.sort(tuples, tnames))
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except exc.CircularDependencyError as err:
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for edge in err.edges:
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tuples.remove(edge)
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remaining_fkcs.update(
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(edge[1], fkc) for fkc in fknames_for_table[edge[1]]
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)
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candidate_sort = list(topological.sort(tuples, tnames))
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return [
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(tname, fknames_for_table[tname].difference(remaining_fkcs))
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for tname in candidate_sort
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] + [(None, list(remaining_fkcs))]
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def get_temp_table_names(self):
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"""Return a list of temporary table names for the current bind.
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This method is unsupported by most dialects; currently
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only SQLite implements it.
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.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
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"""
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with self._operation_context() as conn:
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return self.dialect.get_temp_table_names(
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conn, info_cache=self.info_cache
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)
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def get_temp_view_names(self):
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"""Return a list of temporary view names for the current bind.
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This method is unsupported by most dialects; currently
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only SQLite implements it.
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.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
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"""
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with self._operation_context() as conn:
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return self.dialect.get_temp_view_names(
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conn, info_cache=self.info_cache
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)
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def get_table_options(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
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"""Return a dictionary of options specified when the table of the
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given name was created.
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||
|
|
This currently includes some options that apply to MySQL tables.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param table_name: string name of the table. For special quoting,
|
||
|
|
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param schema: string schema name; if omitted, uses the default schema
|
||
|
|
of the database connection. For special quoting,
|
||
|
|
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
if hasattr(self.dialect, "get_table_options"):
|
||
|
|
with self._operation_context() as conn:
|
||
|
|
return self.dialect.get_table_options(
|
||
|
|
conn, table_name, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache, **kw
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
return {}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_view_names(self, schema=None):
|
||
|
|
"""Return all view names in `schema`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param schema: Optional, retrieve names from a non-default schema.
|
||
|
|
For special quoting, use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
with self._operation_context() as conn:
|
||
|
|
return self.dialect.get_view_names(
|
||
|
|
conn, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_sequence_names(self, schema=None):
|
||
|
|
"""Return all sequence names in `schema`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param schema: Optional, retrieve names from a non-default schema.
|
||
|
|
For special quoting, use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
with self._operation_context() as conn:
|
||
|
|
return self.dialect.get_sequence_names(
|
||
|
|
conn, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_view_definition(self, view_name, schema=None):
|
||
|
|
"""Return definition for `view_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param schema: Optional, retrieve names from a non-default schema.
|
||
|
|
For special quoting, use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
with self._operation_context() as conn:
|
||
|
|
return self.dialect.get_view_definition(
|
||
|
|
conn, view_name, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_columns(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
|
||
|
|
"""Return information about columns in `table_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Given a string `table_name` and an optional string `schema`, return
|
||
|
|
column information as a list of dicts with these keys:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``name`` - the column's name
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``type`` - the type of this column; an instance of
|
||
|
|
:class:`~sqlalchemy.types.TypeEngine`
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``nullable`` - boolean flag if the column is NULL or NOT NULL
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``default`` - the column's server default value - this is returned
|
||
|
|
as a string SQL expression.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``autoincrement`` - indicates that the column is auto incremented -
|
||
|
|
this is returned as a boolean or 'auto'
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``comment`` - (optional) the comment on the column. Only some
|
||
|
|
dialects return this key
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``computed`` - (optional) when present it indicates that this column
|
||
|
|
is computed by the database. Only some dialects return this key.
|
||
|
|
Returned as a dict with the keys:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``sqltext`` - the expression used to generate this column returned
|
||
|
|
as a string SQL expression
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``persisted`` - (optional) boolean that indicates if the column is
|
||
|
|
stored in the table
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.3.16 - added support for computed reflection.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``identity`` - (optional) when present it indicates that this column
|
||
|
|
is a generated always column. Only some dialects return this key.
|
||
|
|
For a list of keywords on this dict see :class:`_schema.Identity`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.4 - added support for identity column reflection.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``dialect_options`` - (optional) a dict with dialect specific options
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param table_name: string name of the table. For special quoting,
|
||
|
|
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param schema: string schema name; if omitted, uses the default schema
|
||
|
|
of the database connection. For special quoting,
|
||
|
|
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:return: list of dictionaries, each representing the definition of
|
||
|
|
a database column.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
with self._operation_context() as conn:
|
||
|
|
col_defs = self.dialect.get_columns(
|
||
|
|
conn, table_name, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache, **kw
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
for col_def in col_defs:
|
||
|
|
# make this easy and only return instances for coltype
|
||
|
|
coltype = col_def["type"]
|
||
|
|
if not isinstance(coltype, TypeEngine):
|
||
|
|
col_def["type"] = coltype()
|
||
|
|
return col_defs
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_pk_constraint(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
|
||
|
|
"""Return information about primary key constraint on `table_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Given a string `table_name`, and an optional string `schema`, return
|
||
|
|
primary key information as a dictionary with these keys:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``constrained_columns`` -
|
||
|
|
a list of column names that make up the primary key
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``name`` -
|
||
|
|
optional name of the primary key constraint.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param table_name: string name of the table. For special quoting,
|
||
|
|
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param schema: string schema name; if omitted, uses the default schema
|
||
|
|
of the database connection. For special quoting,
|
||
|
|
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
with self._operation_context() as conn:
|
||
|
|
return self.dialect.get_pk_constraint(
|
||
|
|
conn, table_name, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache, **kw
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_foreign_keys(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
|
||
|
|
"""Return information about foreign_keys in `table_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Given a string `table_name`, and an optional string `schema`, return
|
||
|
|
foreign key information as a list of dicts with these keys:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``constrained_columns`` -
|
||
|
|
a list of column names that make up the foreign key
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``referred_schema`` -
|
||
|
|
the name of the referred schema
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``referred_table`` -
|
||
|
|
the name of the referred table
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``referred_columns`` -
|
||
|
|
a list of column names in the referred table that correspond to
|
||
|
|
constrained_columns
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``name`` -
|
||
|
|
optional name of the foreign key constraint.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param table_name: string name of the table. For special quoting,
|
||
|
|
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param schema: string schema name; if omitted, uses the default schema
|
||
|
|
of the database connection. For special quoting,
|
||
|
|
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
with self._operation_context() as conn:
|
||
|
|
return self.dialect.get_foreign_keys(
|
||
|
|
conn, table_name, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache, **kw
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_indexes(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
|
||
|
|
"""Return information about indexes in `table_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Given a string `table_name` and an optional string `schema`, return
|
||
|
|
index information as a list of dicts with these keys:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``name`` -
|
||
|
|
the index's name
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``column_names`` -
|
||
|
|
list of column names in order
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``unique`` -
|
||
|
|
boolean
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``column_sorting`` -
|
||
|
|
optional dict mapping column names to tuple of sort keywords,
|
||
|
|
which may include ``asc``, ``desc``, ``nulls_first``, ``nulls_last``.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.3.5
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``dialect_options`` -
|
||
|
|
dict of dialect-specific index options. May not be present
|
||
|
|
for all dialects.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param table_name: string name of the table. For special quoting,
|
||
|
|
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param schema: string schema name; if omitted, uses the default schema
|
||
|
|
of the database connection. For special quoting,
|
||
|
|
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
with self._operation_context() as conn:
|
||
|
|
return self.dialect.get_indexes(
|
||
|
|
conn, table_name, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache, **kw
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_unique_constraints(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
|
||
|
|
"""Return information about unique constraints in `table_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Given a string `table_name` and an optional string `schema`, return
|
||
|
|
unique constraint information as a list of dicts with these keys:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``name`` -
|
||
|
|
the unique constraint's name
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``column_names`` -
|
||
|
|
list of column names in order
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param table_name: string name of the table. For special quoting,
|
||
|
|
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param schema: string schema name; if omitted, uses the default schema
|
||
|
|
of the database connection. For special quoting,
|
||
|
|
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
with self._operation_context() as conn:
|
||
|
|
return self.dialect.get_unique_constraints(
|
||
|
|
conn, table_name, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache, **kw
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_table_comment(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
|
||
|
|
"""Return information about the table comment for ``table_name``.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Given a string ``table_name`` and an optional string ``schema``,
|
||
|
|
return table comment information as a dictionary with these keys:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``text`` -
|
||
|
|
text of the comment.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Raises ``NotImplementedError`` for a dialect that does not support
|
||
|
|
comments.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.2
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
with self._operation_context() as conn:
|
||
|
|
return self.dialect.get_table_comment(
|
||
|
|
conn, table_name, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache, **kw
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def get_check_constraints(self, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
|
||
|
|
"""Return information about check constraints in `table_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Given a string `table_name` and an optional string `schema`, return
|
||
|
|
check constraint information as a list of dicts with these keys:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``name`` -
|
||
|
|
the check constraint's name
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``sqltext`` -
|
||
|
|
the check constraint's SQL expression
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* ``dialect_options`` -
|
||
|
|
may or may not be present; a dictionary with additional
|
||
|
|
dialect-specific options for this CHECK constraint
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.3.8
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param table_name: string name of the table. For special quoting,
|
||
|
|
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param schema: string schema name; if omitted, uses the default schema
|
||
|
|
of the database connection. For special quoting,
|
||
|
|
use :class:`.quoted_name`.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionadded:: 1.1.0
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
with self._operation_context() as conn:
|
||
|
|
return self.dialect.get_check_constraints(
|
||
|
|
conn, table_name, schema, info_cache=self.info_cache, **kw
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
@util.deprecated_20(
|
||
|
|
":meth:`_reflection.Inspector.reflecttable`",
|
||
|
|
"The :meth:`_reflection.Inspector.reflecttable` "
|
||
|
|
"method was renamed to "
|
||
|
|
":meth:`_reflection.Inspector.reflect_table`. This deprecated alias "
|
||
|
|
"will be removed in a future release.",
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
def reflecttable(self, *args, **kwargs):
|
||
|
|
"See reflect_table. This method name is deprecated"
|
||
|
|
return self.reflect_table(*args, **kwargs)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def reflect_table(
|
||
|
|
self,
|
||
|
|
table,
|
||
|
|
include_columns,
|
||
|
|
exclude_columns=(),
|
||
|
|
resolve_fks=True,
|
||
|
|
_extend_on=None,
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
"""Given a :class:`_schema.Table` object, load its internal
|
||
|
|
constructs based on introspection.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This is the underlying method used by most dialects to produce
|
||
|
|
table reflection. Direct usage is like::
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, MetaData, Table
|
||
|
|
from sqlalchemy import inspect
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
engine = create_engine('...')
|
||
|
|
meta = MetaData()
|
||
|
|
user_table = Table('user', meta)
|
||
|
|
insp = inspect(engine)
|
||
|
|
insp.reflect_table(user_table, None)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 1.4 Renamed from ``reflecttable`` to
|
||
|
|
``reflect_table``
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
:param table: a :class:`~sqlalchemy.schema.Table` instance.
|
||
|
|
:param include_columns: a list of string column names to include
|
||
|
|
in the reflection process. If ``None``, all columns are reflected.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if _extend_on is not None:
|
||
|
|
if table in _extend_on:
|
||
|
|
return
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
_extend_on.add(table)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
dialect = self.bind.dialect
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
with self._operation_context() as conn:
|
||
|
|
schema = conn.schema_for_object(table)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
table_name = table.name
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# get table-level arguments that are specifically
|
||
|
|
# intended for reflection, e.g. oracle_resolve_synonyms.
|
||
|
|
# these are unconditionally passed to related Table
|
||
|
|
# objects
|
||
|
|
reflection_options = dict(
|
||
|
|
(k, table.dialect_kwargs.get(k))
|
||
|
|
for k in dialect.reflection_options
|
||
|
|
if k in table.dialect_kwargs
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# reflect table options, like mysql_engine
|
||
|
|
tbl_opts = self.get_table_options(
|
||
|
|
table_name, schema, **table.dialect_kwargs
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
if tbl_opts:
|
||
|
|
# add additional kwargs to the Table if the dialect
|
||
|
|
# returned them
|
||
|
|
table._validate_dialect_kwargs(tbl_opts)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if util.py2k:
|
||
|
|
if isinstance(schema, str):
|
||
|
|
schema = schema.decode(dialect.encoding)
|
||
|
|
if isinstance(table_name, str):
|
||
|
|
table_name = table_name.decode(dialect.encoding)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
found_table = False
|
||
|
|
cols_by_orig_name = {}
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
for col_d in self.get_columns(
|
||
|
|
table_name, schema, **table.dialect_kwargs
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
found_table = True
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self._reflect_column(
|
||
|
|
table,
|
||
|
|
col_d,
|
||
|
|
include_columns,
|
||
|
|
exclude_columns,
|
||
|
|
cols_by_orig_name,
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if not found_table:
|
||
|
|
raise exc.NoSuchTableError(table.name)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self._reflect_pk(
|
||
|
|
table_name, schema, table, cols_by_orig_name, exclude_columns
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self._reflect_fk(
|
||
|
|
table_name,
|
||
|
|
schema,
|
||
|
|
table,
|
||
|
|
cols_by_orig_name,
|
||
|
|
exclude_columns,
|
||
|
|
resolve_fks,
|
||
|
|
_extend_on,
|
||
|
|
reflection_options,
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self._reflect_indexes(
|
||
|
|
table_name,
|
||
|
|
schema,
|
||
|
|
table,
|
||
|
|
cols_by_orig_name,
|
||
|
|
include_columns,
|
||
|
|
exclude_columns,
|
||
|
|
reflection_options,
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self._reflect_unique_constraints(
|
||
|
|
table_name,
|
||
|
|
schema,
|
||
|
|
table,
|
||
|
|
cols_by_orig_name,
|
||
|
|
include_columns,
|
||
|
|
exclude_columns,
|
||
|
|
reflection_options,
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self._reflect_check_constraints(
|
||
|
|
table_name,
|
||
|
|
schema,
|
||
|
|
table,
|
||
|
|
cols_by_orig_name,
|
||
|
|
include_columns,
|
||
|
|
exclude_columns,
|
||
|
|
reflection_options,
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
self._reflect_table_comment(
|
||
|
|
table_name, schema, table, reflection_options
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _reflect_column(
|
||
|
|
self, table, col_d, include_columns, exclude_columns, cols_by_orig_name
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
orig_name = col_d["name"]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
table.metadata.dispatch.column_reflect(self, table, col_d)
|
||
|
|
table.dispatch.column_reflect(self, table, col_d)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# fetch name again as column_reflect is allowed to
|
||
|
|
# change it
|
||
|
|
name = col_d["name"]
|
||
|
|
if (include_columns and name not in include_columns) or (
|
||
|
|
exclude_columns and name in exclude_columns
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
return
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
coltype = col_d["type"]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
col_kw = dict(
|
||
|
|
(k, col_d[k])
|
||
|
|
for k in [
|
||
|
|
"nullable",
|
||
|
|
"autoincrement",
|
||
|
|
"quote",
|
||
|
|
"info",
|
||
|
|
"key",
|
||
|
|
"comment",
|
||
|
|
]
|
||
|
|
if k in col_d
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if "dialect_options" in col_d:
|
||
|
|
col_kw.update(col_d["dialect_options"])
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
colargs = []
|
||
|
|
if col_d.get("default") is not None:
|
||
|
|
default = col_d["default"]
|
||
|
|
if isinstance(default, sql.elements.TextClause):
|
||
|
|
default = sa_schema.DefaultClause(default, _reflected=True)
|
||
|
|
elif not isinstance(default, sa_schema.FetchedValue):
|
||
|
|
default = sa_schema.DefaultClause(
|
||
|
|
sql.text(col_d["default"]), _reflected=True
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
colargs.append(default)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if "computed" in col_d:
|
||
|
|
computed = sa_schema.Computed(**col_d["computed"])
|
||
|
|
colargs.append(computed)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if "identity" in col_d:
|
||
|
|
computed = sa_schema.Identity(**col_d["identity"])
|
||
|
|
colargs.append(computed)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if "sequence" in col_d:
|
||
|
|
self._reflect_col_sequence(col_d, colargs)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
cols_by_orig_name[orig_name] = col = sa_schema.Column(
|
||
|
|
name, coltype, *colargs, **col_kw
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if col.key in table.primary_key:
|
||
|
|
col.primary_key = True
|
||
|
|
table.append_column(col, replace_existing=True)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _reflect_col_sequence(self, col_d, colargs):
|
||
|
|
if "sequence" in col_d:
|
||
|
|
# TODO: mssql and sybase are using this.
|
||
|
|
seq = col_d["sequence"]
|
||
|
|
sequence = sa_schema.Sequence(seq["name"], 1, 1)
|
||
|
|
if "start" in seq:
|
||
|
|
sequence.start = seq["start"]
|
||
|
|
if "increment" in seq:
|
||
|
|
sequence.increment = seq["increment"]
|
||
|
|
colargs.append(sequence)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _reflect_pk(
|
||
|
|
self, table_name, schema, table, cols_by_orig_name, exclude_columns
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
pk_cons = self.get_pk_constraint(
|
||
|
|
table_name, schema, **table.dialect_kwargs
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
if pk_cons:
|
||
|
|
pk_cols = [
|
||
|
|
cols_by_orig_name[pk]
|
||
|
|
for pk in pk_cons["constrained_columns"]
|
||
|
|
if pk in cols_by_orig_name and pk not in exclude_columns
|
||
|
|
]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# update pk constraint name
|
||
|
|
table.primary_key.name = pk_cons.get("name")
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# tell the PKConstraint to re-initialize
|
||
|
|
# its column collection
|
||
|
|
table.primary_key._reload(pk_cols)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _reflect_fk(
|
||
|
|
self,
|
||
|
|
table_name,
|
||
|
|
schema,
|
||
|
|
table,
|
||
|
|
cols_by_orig_name,
|
||
|
|
exclude_columns,
|
||
|
|
resolve_fks,
|
||
|
|
_extend_on,
|
||
|
|
reflection_options,
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
fkeys = self.get_foreign_keys(
|
||
|
|
table_name, schema, **table.dialect_kwargs
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
for fkey_d in fkeys:
|
||
|
|
conname = fkey_d["name"]
|
||
|
|
# look for columns by orig name in cols_by_orig_name,
|
||
|
|
# but support columns that are in-Python only as fallback
|
||
|
|
constrained_columns = [
|
||
|
|
cols_by_orig_name[c].key if c in cols_by_orig_name else c
|
||
|
|
for c in fkey_d["constrained_columns"]
|
||
|
|
]
|
||
|
|
if exclude_columns and set(constrained_columns).intersection(
|
||
|
|
exclude_columns
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
continue
|
||
|
|
referred_schema = fkey_d["referred_schema"]
|
||
|
|
referred_table = fkey_d["referred_table"]
|
||
|
|
referred_columns = fkey_d["referred_columns"]
|
||
|
|
refspec = []
|
||
|
|
if referred_schema is not None:
|
||
|
|
if resolve_fks:
|
||
|
|
sa_schema.Table(
|
||
|
|
referred_table,
|
||
|
|
table.metadata,
|
||
|
|
schema=referred_schema,
|
||
|
|
autoload_with=self.bind,
|
||
|
|
_extend_on=_extend_on,
|
||
|
|
**reflection_options
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
for column in referred_columns:
|
||
|
|
refspec.append(
|
||
|
|
".".join([referred_schema, referred_table, column])
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
if resolve_fks:
|
||
|
|
sa_schema.Table(
|
||
|
|
referred_table,
|
||
|
|
table.metadata,
|
||
|
|
autoload_with=self.bind,
|
||
|
|
schema=sa_schema.BLANK_SCHEMA,
|
||
|
|
_extend_on=_extend_on,
|
||
|
|
**reflection_options
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
for column in referred_columns:
|
||
|
|
refspec.append(".".join([referred_table, column]))
|
||
|
|
if "options" in fkey_d:
|
||
|
|
options = fkey_d["options"]
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
options = {}
|
||
|
|
table.append_constraint(
|
||
|
|
sa_schema.ForeignKeyConstraint(
|
||
|
|
constrained_columns,
|
||
|
|
refspec,
|
||
|
|
conname,
|
||
|
|
link_to_name=True,
|
||
|
|
**options
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
_index_sort_exprs = [
|
||
|
|
("asc", operators.asc_op),
|
||
|
|
("desc", operators.desc_op),
|
||
|
|
("nulls_first", operators.nulls_first_op),
|
||
|
|
("nulls_last", operators.nulls_last_op),
|
||
|
|
]
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _reflect_indexes(
|
||
|
|
self,
|
||
|
|
table_name,
|
||
|
|
schema,
|
||
|
|
table,
|
||
|
|
cols_by_orig_name,
|
||
|
|
include_columns,
|
||
|
|
exclude_columns,
|
||
|
|
reflection_options,
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
# Indexes
|
||
|
|
indexes = self.get_indexes(table_name, schema)
|
||
|
|
for index_d in indexes:
|
||
|
|
name = index_d["name"]
|
||
|
|
columns = index_d["column_names"]
|
||
|
|
column_sorting = index_d.get("column_sorting", {})
|
||
|
|
unique = index_d["unique"]
|
||
|
|
flavor = index_d.get("type", "index")
|
||
|
|
dialect_options = index_d.get("dialect_options", {})
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
duplicates = index_d.get("duplicates_constraint")
|
||
|
|
if include_columns and not set(columns).issubset(include_columns):
|
||
|
|
util.warn(
|
||
|
|
"Omitting %s key for (%s), key covers omitted columns."
|
||
|
|
% (flavor, ", ".join(columns))
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
continue
|
||
|
|
if duplicates:
|
||
|
|
continue
|
||
|
|
# look for columns by orig name in cols_by_orig_name,
|
||
|
|
# but support columns that are in-Python only as fallback
|
||
|
|
idx_cols = []
|
||
|
|
for c in columns:
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
idx_col = (
|
||
|
|
cols_by_orig_name[c]
|
||
|
|
if c in cols_by_orig_name
|
||
|
|
else table.c[c]
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
except KeyError:
|
||
|
|
util.warn(
|
||
|
|
"%s key '%s' was not located in "
|
||
|
|
"columns for table '%s'" % (flavor, c, table_name)
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
continue
|
||
|
|
c_sorting = column_sorting.get(c, ())
|
||
|
|
for k, op in self._index_sort_exprs:
|
||
|
|
if k in c_sorting:
|
||
|
|
idx_col = op(idx_col)
|
||
|
|
idx_cols.append(idx_col)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
sa_schema.Index(
|
||
|
|
name,
|
||
|
|
*idx_cols,
|
||
|
|
_table=table,
|
||
|
|
**dict(list(dialect_options.items()) + [("unique", unique)])
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _reflect_unique_constraints(
|
||
|
|
self,
|
||
|
|
table_name,
|
||
|
|
schema,
|
||
|
|
table,
|
||
|
|
cols_by_orig_name,
|
||
|
|
include_columns,
|
||
|
|
exclude_columns,
|
||
|
|
reflection_options,
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Unique Constraints
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
constraints = self.get_unique_constraints(table_name, schema)
|
||
|
|
except NotImplementedError:
|
||
|
|
# optional dialect feature
|
||
|
|
return
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
for const_d in constraints:
|
||
|
|
conname = const_d["name"]
|
||
|
|
columns = const_d["column_names"]
|
||
|
|
duplicates = const_d.get("duplicates_index")
|
||
|
|
if include_columns and not set(columns).issubset(include_columns):
|
||
|
|
util.warn(
|
||
|
|
"Omitting unique constraint key for (%s), "
|
||
|
|
"key covers omitted columns." % ", ".join(columns)
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
continue
|
||
|
|
if duplicates:
|
||
|
|
continue
|
||
|
|
# look for columns by orig name in cols_by_orig_name,
|
||
|
|
# but support columns that are in-Python only as fallback
|
||
|
|
constrained_cols = []
|
||
|
|
for c in columns:
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
constrained_col = (
|
||
|
|
cols_by_orig_name[c]
|
||
|
|
if c in cols_by_orig_name
|
||
|
|
else table.c[c]
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
except KeyError:
|
||
|
|
util.warn(
|
||
|
|
"unique constraint key '%s' was not located in "
|
||
|
|
"columns for table '%s'" % (c, table_name)
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
constrained_cols.append(constrained_col)
|
||
|
|
table.append_constraint(
|
||
|
|
sa_schema.UniqueConstraint(*constrained_cols, name=conname)
|
||
|
|
)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _reflect_check_constraints(
|
||
|
|
self,
|
||
|
|
table_name,
|
||
|
|
schema,
|
||
|
|
table,
|
||
|
|
cols_by_orig_name,
|
||
|
|
include_columns,
|
||
|
|
exclude_columns,
|
||
|
|
reflection_options,
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
constraints = self.get_check_constraints(table_name, schema)
|
||
|
|
except NotImplementedError:
|
||
|
|
# optional dialect feature
|
||
|
|
return
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
for const_d in constraints:
|
||
|
|
table.append_constraint(sa_schema.CheckConstraint(**const_d))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _reflect_table_comment(
|
||
|
|
self, table_name, schema, table, reflection_options
|
||
|
|
):
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
comment_dict = self.get_table_comment(table_name, schema)
|
||
|
|
except NotImplementedError:
|
||
|
|
return
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
table.comment = comment_dict.get("text", None)
|